Ethics (also known as moral philosophy) is the branch of philosophy which addresses questions of morality. Individuals who choose moral action are popularly held to possess "moral fiber", whereas those who indulge in immoral behavior may be labeled as socially degenerate. Jesse Prinz in Culture and Cognitive Science took this further discussing the relativity of the terms knowledge and truth and the role that culture has in shaping knowledge. So, as a result, your decision making power improves naturally. Other religions spanning pantheistic to nontheistic tend to be less absolute. [69], Health on the other hand, in relation to the body and the mind, is usually thought of as an intrinsic value. [34], Another significant writer on value, mentioned by both Frankena and Zimmerman, is John Dewey who questioned whether intrinsic values exist at all. 4. The six “core virtues” listed by Peterson and Seligman have been found to be useful, for example, in the structuring of values in their “Values in Action” or VAI. Values Essay On Moral Wikipedia Relativism is the theory that moral values are not universal and that they may differentiate from each other depending on the society or culture that the person grew up Naranjas Rojas Y Amargas Summary in. opposition to that which is good or right), while amorality is variously defined as an unawareness of, indifference toward, or disbelief in any particular set of moral standards or principles. Morality (from Latin: moralitas, lit. [79] Moore, in reflecting Christianity's emphasis on the importance of love, suggested that “… the love of love is by far the most valuable good we know… more complicated than beauty… more complicated than knowledge”. [10], In its normative sense, "morality" refers to whatever (if anything) is actually right or wrong, which may be independent of the values or mores held by any particular peoples or cultures. [94] Frankena answered the question by widening the scope of love to include love of, or communion with, God, animals, nature and the environment. Philosopher David Hume stated that, "the greatest crimes have been found, in many instances, to be compatible with a superstitious piety and devotion; Hence it is justly regarded as unsafe to draw any inference in favor of a man's morals, from the fervor or strictness of his religious exercises, even though he himself believe them sincere. In the Ethics of care approach established by Carol Gilligan, moral development occurs in the context of caring, mutually responsive relationships which are based on interdependence, particularly in parenting but also in social relationships generally. Descriptive ethics is the branch of philosophy which studies morality in this sense. Conceptually and in principle, morality and a religious value system are two distinct kinds of value systems or action guides. [68] Elinor Mason mentioned the practical wisdom of Aristotle who saw wealth as a matter of prudence, and who advised people to value and “not to neglect” what belongs to them. Life, health, strength, peace, security, 5. In other words, what is morally acceptable in one culture may be taboo in another. For instance humanity includes love, kindness, and social intelligence. [14] Gary R. Johnson and V.S. The brain areas that are consistently involved when humans reason about moral issues have been investigated by multiple quantitative large-scale meta-analyses of the brain activity changes reported in the moral neuroscience literature. One of these was whether the driver of a car would have his friend, a passenger riding in the car, lie in order to protect the driver from the consequences of driving too fast and hitting a pedestrian. For modern Westerners, who have been raised on ideals of universality and egalitarianism, this relativity of values and obligations is the aspect of Hinduism most difficult to understand". [34] For instance, while situations that require an active decision on a moral dilemma may require active reasoning, an immediate reaction to a shocking moral violation may involve quick, affect-laden processes. Truth, knowledge, understanding, wisdom, honour, esteem, 4. Cognitive psychologists and neuroscientists investigate the inputs to these cognitive processes and their interactions, as well as how these contribute to moral behavior by running controlled experiments. Compassion Predicts Generosity More Among Less Religious Individuals", "New Marriage and Divorce Statistics Released", "Survey Inspires Debate Over Why Faith Isn't a Bigger Factor in Marriage", "Prosocial Behavior and Religion: New Evidence Based on Projective Measures and Peer Ratings", "Religiosity, Secularism, and Social Health", "Morality is a Culturally Conditioned Response", "Religious Morality: a Reply to Flew and Campbell", "Virtuous behaviors sanction later sins: people are quick to treat themselves after a good deed or healthy act", "Do our moral judgements need to be guided by principles? [36] These needs arise from a constant “interaction between a human being and his environment” and Dewey introduced the notion of having a “framework” of values to deal effectively with the various categories of being which contribute to our environment.[37]. The third of the classical values - truth – is listed by Frankena alongside knowledge, understanding and wisdom. 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